Reproduced from the Quarterly Journal of International Politics, with kind permission of the authors and the Institute of International Studies, Tsinghua University
India's Security Concept and Its China Policy in the Post-Cold War Era
Li Li is currently an assistant research fellow of the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations. She received her doctorate from the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India.
* Corresponding author. Email: jasmineli3@yahoo.com
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
The progressive strengthening of India's post-Cold War policy of détente towards China led the two nations to commit in 1996 to a constructive cooperation. After the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government took office in 1998, however, it referred to China as India's greatest threat, citing it as justification for conducting nuclear tests. This implied a turn for the worse in India's China policy, and that the two nations had entered a new era of antagonism and hostility. But the situation changed again when the Vajpayee government began making overtures towards China, and the two nations reached consensus on comprehensive bilateral cooperation in 2003 during Prime Minister Vajpayee's visit to China. Manmohan Singh's government took office the next year, and later established a strategic partnership with China geared towards peace and prosperity, but at the same time promoted nuclear agreement and joint military exercises with the United States and strengthened strategic cooperation
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Views on India's Security Concept in the Post-Cold War Era |
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The No-Change Theory of India's Post-Cold War Security Concept
The Change Theory of India's Post-Cold War Security Concept
The Some-Change Theory of India's Post-Cold War Security Concept
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Changes in India's Security Concept since the End of the Cold War |
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The First Phase of Change in India's Post-Cold War Security Concept: from the End of the Cold War to 1998
India Believes the Security Environment is Still Grim, not Because of any Military Threat but Rather One Consisting in Politics and Economics; Specifically the Threat of its Marginalization within the International Community
India's Understanding of Strength Changes as it Begins Placing Emphasis on the Strategic Influence of Economic Strength
India Abandons Alliance as a Means of Maintaining National Security in Favour of Self-reliance
The Second Change in India's post-Cold War Security Concept: 1999 to Present
In Consideration of the Obvious Improvement in its Security Environment, India Rises to Meet Strategic Opportunities
India Formally Introduces a Comprehensive Security Concept
Post-Cold War India Sees Security Dialogue and Cooperation as an Important Means of Preserving National Security
Elements of India's Security Concept that did not Change after the Cold War
India Maintains Emphasis on Traditional Security, i.e. Territorial and Military Security
India still Abides by the Principles of Parity and Checks and Balances
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Adjustments to India's China Policy since the End of the Cold War |
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Major Changes in India's China Policy from the End of the Cold War to 1998
Achieve Simultaneous Progress in Solving Border Disputes and Develop Sino–Indian Relations
Shift Strategies on Border Talks; Stress Progress towards Establishing Mechanisms to Ensure Tranquil Borders
Maintain a Low-key on the Tibetan Issue and do not Provoke China
Changes in India's China Policy from 1999 to Present
Expand Economic Cooperation with China
Strengthen Military Communication and Security Dialogue, and Mechanisms for Establishing Deeper Mutual Trust
Seek China's Support in Becoming a Permanent Member of the United Nations Security Council
Policies Similar to those of the Cold War Period (since 1962)
Working to Keep the Border Issue at the Centre of Sino–Indian Relations
Continue to Exert Pressure on China over Pakistan
Continue to Seek a Balance of Power between China and India
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The Influence of India's Security Concept on its China Policy |
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Conclusion |
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Appendix |
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